How to call private functions in solidity?
Private functions are not callable from outside the contract.
internal is the default visibility level for state variables.
private state variables are like internal ones but they are not visible in derived contracts.
A private or internal function can only be called by the contract itself.
How does the EVM enforce this?
On the EVM level, there are no function calls. Rather, solidity generates a dispatcher for each contract, and sending a transaction just activates said dispatcher. On a theoretical level, making a function private is just a matter of not putting it in the dispatcher.